With the ruins of forgotten cities and vanished and vanquished empires, and a history that scrolls back to the Stone Age, India’s past is best described as kaleidoscopic. As the birthplace of three major religions, and a hub for repeated waves of multicultural immigration, this peninsular nation’s long history is anything but boring.
Before you go to India, having a basic understanding of your destination’s history, land and culture will greatly improve your experience. Immerse yourself in the nation’s past by investigating these 15 historic places in India, each with a fascinating story to tell.
Spanning 3,287,263 sq km (1,269,219 sq miles), India is home to 43 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including world-famous places such as the ornate Taj Mahal, the ancient Konark Sun Temple, the Buddhist monuments at Sanchi and several of the locations on this list of India’s top historic sites.
India’s history stretches back to the Paleolithic period. Around 500,000 years ago, sites such as the Soan Valley and the Neolithic site of Mehrgarh became the launchpad for the Indus Valley civilization, which grew up along the modern-day boundary between India and Pakistan.
After the mysterious decline of the Indus Valley peoples, waves of migrants imported new religions and built flourishing city-states. More crisscrossing of people followed as Arabian traders gave way to the Turkic sultans who established sultanates in Delhi, Bengal, Malwa and the Deccan.
This cultural melting pot bubbled to greater heights under the Mughal empire, before suffering the toll of heavy European colonial exploitation. India’s heroic battle with colonialism left an indelible mark on the country, in terms of poverty and communal unease fuelled by the horrors of Partition. Both continue to be considerable challenges to the country in modern times.
India’s antiquity is beautifully illustrated in the rock shelters of Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh, one of India’s earliest settlements, where red pigment paintings, engravings and carvings depict fierce battles, intense hunts and totemic animals. Some of the rock shelters were used at least 30,000 years ago, and the caves also have other markers of human habitation such as ostrich eggshell beads, quartzite cleavers and hand axes.
While human settlement in these caves was continuous from the Stone Age to the Mesolithic period, rock art was produced intermittently right up until the medieval period, making Bhimbetka an invaluable record of Indian history. Visitors can explore this ancient art gallery tucked amongst the boulders of Bhimbetka for an up-close glimpse of what life in India was like thousands of years ago.
Planning tip: The best way to reach the site is by car or
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When people marvel at how “brave” I am for traveling with a toddler, I tell them I’m not uniquely courageous—just battle-hardened. I’ve been traveling with my 2.5-year-old son, Julian, since he was five weeks old. His first adventure beyond our home state of Minnesota was ice fishing in Wisconsin. As I steeled up my nerves (and started getting more than three hours of sleep a night), I got gutsier about where I was willing to take him. At 10 months old, we planned a family trip to San Diego; it was a low-key disaster. Ever the optimist, I didn’t let that deter me: When Julian turned one, we took him to an all-inclusive resort in the Mexican Caribbean. When he was 16 months, he joined my husband and me on our honeymoon in the Faroe Islands and Iceland. And when he turned 20 months old, I took him on a 23-day solo venture to Tanzania, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates.
Solo travel is one of the most empowering things you can do. Wandering through an unfamiliar city increases self-reliance. Successfully navigating an entirely new form of transportation boosts your confidence. Not to mention, your itinerary is entirely at your discretion. Want to spend all day on the beach? Or forgo visiting that one museum everyone says you have to see? It’s completely up to you.
If Miami and Palm Beach had a love child, it would be Fort Lauderdale. Quickly shedding its image as just a spring break destination, the city is redefining itself as a place that lacks the formality of its neighbor to the north (Palm Beach), but has all the trappings of the vibrant metropolis to the south (Miami). And while Fort Lauderdale is quickly catching up on the five-star luxury-resort front, the real-estate (and therefore hotel) prices have not yet approached the levels of Palm Beach's on Worth Avenue. Fort Lauderdale lacks pomp and doesn’t take itself too seriously: It’s a place that still feels accessible thanks to an abundance of public beaches, a lack of gated communities, and a culinary scene that won’t break the bank.
Eight months after my 30th birthday, I realized that I did, in fact, want children. In my 20s, I was never really sure. I thought of it as a kind of eventuality, something I’d get to once my life no longer revolved around friends and travel and chasing the next story. Something for the next, much more grown-up phase of my life. Then I learned that the choice might not be mine to make. My egg reserve levels were teetering on the edge of “critically low” and all signs pointed towards early menopause, a condition I now know runs in my family.
To my right, two 70-something regulars at the Exhibition pub in York, England, peppered me with questions on American politics, taught me how to recognize a fresh pint of beer (it should leave a path of foam on the glass) and invited me next door for a curry at their favorite Indian restaurant.
I've always been an independent traveler. I've traveled to five continents and over 90 countries, planning nearly every aspect of each trip on my own. For years, I was happy with having complete control over my trips and the flexibility to make changes on the fly.
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Dubai boasts the tallest building, the biggest mall, and the water park with the most water slides in the world. Despite these claims to fame, I still considered it a stopover city, not a full vacation destination.