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This Stunning Sabertooth Cat Skull Belonged to a Big Male That Died Young
19.07.2023 - 13:05 / atlasobscura.com
This story was originally published on The Conversation and appears here under a Creative Commons license.
The sabertooth cat is an Ice Age icon and emblem of strength, tenacity, and intelligence. These animals shared the North American landscape with other large carnivores, including short-faced bears, dire wolves, and the American lion, as well as megaherbivores including mammoths, mastodons, muskoxen, and long-horned bison. Then at the end of the Pleistocene, between 50,000 and 10,000 years ago, they all vanished. The only place to see them now is in the fossil record.
Carnivore fossils are extremely rare, though, in comparison to those of their prey. Prey are always more abundant than predators in a healthy ecosystem. So the probability of burial, storage and discovery of carnivore bones and teeth is therefore slim compared to those belonging to herbivores.
Scientists have a relatively small and scattered inventory of sabertooth fossils. The exception comes from Rancho La Brea in downtown Los Angeles, where over 1,000 individual sabertooths were mired in tar-seep death traps.
That’s why the recent discovery of an exquisite sabertooth cat skull in southwestern Iowa is so exciting. The Smilodon fatalis skull was collected from late Pleistocene sand and gravel exposed along the East Nishnabotna River. My colleague, biologist David A. Easterla, and I are studying this specimen to learn more about the life history, prey selection, and eventual extinction of this ancient predator.
The animal’s common name—sabertooth cat—comes from its highly distinctive, saber-like canine teeth, which poke out of the mouth as much as 5 or 6 inches (13 to 15 centimeters).
Sabertooths are sexually dimorphic, with males generally larger
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