What Is a Bay Leaf, Exactly?
31.08.2023 - 20:09
/ atlasobscura.com
THIS ARTICLE IS ADAPTED FROM THE AUGUST 26, 2023, EDITION OF GASTRO OBSCURA’S FAVORITE THINGS NEWSLETTER. YOU CAN SIGN UP HERE .
Whether you’re making a recipe from India, Jamaica, or Spain, you’re likely to encounter bay leaf in the ingredients list. Just make sure you know which kind of bay leaf the recipe calls for.
The term “bay leaf” originally referred to foliage from the bay laurel tree. Bay laurel’s distinctive herbal flavor, bitter and slightly piney, has been used as a seasoning for millennia. But the name has become shorthand for several other leafy spices from different trees.
All of them are used to flavor food, either added to dishes whole or sometimes ground into a powder. However, the similarities often end there, and one type of bay leaf doesn’t necessarily make a good substitute for another.
Gastro Obscura has the lowdown on six different spices all confusingly known as “bay leaf,” including where they come from, what they taste like, and how they are used.
This is the most common bay leaf in the Americas and Europe, especially in the Mediterranean where it originated. The ancient Greeks and Romans used laurel leaves in food and medicine and to crown winners of competitions, the source of the word “laureate.” Laurel was the symbol of the god Apollo, whose oracle at Delphi held a laurel branch as she prophesied, in addition to chewing the leaves and inhaling their smoke.
Bay laurel’s name has an ancient etymology, unconnected to “bay” as in a body of water. Old Bay seasoning contains powdered bay leaf, but it was actually named after a shipping line on the Chesapeake Bay, a nod to its Baltimore origins. However, laurel’s long importance in Europe has given rise to names such as Laura, Laurence, and Daphne, which means “laurel” in Greek.
Bay laurel is also used in China, particularly in Sichuan cuisine, and in some Filipino recipes with Spanish influence. Turkish bay leaf is a variety of the same species known to be especially mild and sweet.
Whole bay leaves are often removed from food before serving, which has led to a misconception that they are poisonous. It’s true that bay leaves taste unpleasantly intense when chewed (unless you’re an oracle), but they are safe to eat, as is bay leaf oil and the berrylike fruit of the tree. Chefs remove the tough, stringy leaves from stews, sauces, and mixed rice dishes simply because they’re a choking hazard.
The typical bay leaf of South Asia has a totally different flavor from bay laurel. Luckily, there’s an easy way to tell these leaves apart: the veins.
Bay laurel leaves have one central vein, with smaller veins branching on each side. Indian bay leaves have three parallel veins from stem to tip. Indian bay leaves are also more narrow