It’s hard to believe now, but Perth was dubbed ‘Dullsville’ back in 2000. The city has spent the last two decades flipping the script.
21.07.2023 - 08:26 / roughguides.com
Australia’s Great Barrier Reef is one of the world’s most incredible natural wonders – it’s the largest structure ever built by living things and is visible even from space. For millennia, this glorious underwater world has blazed with colour, sheltering some of the earth’s most spellbinding ocean-dwelling creatures. But the unnaturally rapid increase in the earth’s temperature is putting this vast ecosystem under increasing threat.
Having spent time studying marine biology at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Penny Walker shares everything you need to know about the reef, the dangers it faces and how to visit this miraculous living landmark sustainably.
This unique reef system is not one giant string of coral – it is more than 2500 individual reefs dotted with over 900 islands. Despite only covering 6 percent of the reef, coral is the structure's life force, providing shelter for the smaller creatures and creating feeding grounds for larger predators.
The Great Barrier Reef reaches from the waters of Hervey Bay in Queensland to just below the coastline of Papua New Guinea. Spanning over 2300km, it lines most of Queensland’s vast coast. To put this into perspective, it’s roughly the size of the UK, the Netherlands and Switzerland combined, or half the size of Texas.
In its current form, the reef is relatively young – it is believed to be between 6000 and 8000 years old, having slowly started to form after the last ice age.
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In order to understand what’s happening to the reef, it’s important to first understand its foundations. While many assume that corals are plants, they’re actually polyps – small sessile animals that rely on algae for survival.
Simply put, there are two types of coral: hard corals that build stability for this incredibly intricate ecosystem and soft corals that bend in flashes of colour with the changing current. These corals are essential to the survival of the ecosystem, but predators such as the Crown of Thorns starfish and environmental factors, such as coral bleaching, are killing the coral and devastating the reef.
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Prolonged changes in the water temperature by as little as one to two degrees can stress the coral. This stress causes the polyps to release toxins that expel the algae on which they rely. As it is the algae that gives the coral its colour, this effect is what gives the name “coral bleaching”. The reef is drained of colour and begins to look like a stark, barren graveyard.
While a reef can recover if conditions normalise fairly quickly, when two big coral bleaching events happen in successive years, like we’ve seen in 2016 and 2017, it makes that recovery much more challenging and the coral more likely to starve to death.
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It’s hard to believe now, but Perth was dubbed ‘Dullsville’ back in 2000. The city has spent the last two decades flipping the script.
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