The Chernobyl Disaster Created an Unexpected Predator Paradise
31.08.2023 - 20:08
/ atlasobscura.com
Far from their usual forest hideouts, lynx hunt in fallow fields and fall asleep on asphalt roads. Wolves thrive in abandoned villages, denning and breeding in cemeteries. Throughout the Polesie State Radioecological Reserve (PSRR) in southern Belarus, the density of both species is exceptionally high. And another apex predator visits often: Brown bears pass through almost every summer.
Here, on the Belarusian side of the massive area emptied of humans by the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, the story of these animals has remained unknown to most of the world. While Ukraine opened its Chernobyl Exclusion Zone to scientists from abroad, Belarus restricted access, allowing only its own researchers. For more than 35 years, this small group of dedicated scientists has observed and documented unexpected shifts in behavior and biodiversity. Their collected observations were published only in late 2022, as The Biological Diversity of the Animal World of the Polesie State Radioecological Reserve. The thick book, available only in Russian, slipped under the radar of Western scientists and environmentalists. Given the difficult internal political climate in Belarus, and the war in neighboring Ukraine, PSRR has remained almost entirely off limits—but the recently published research gives us a glimpse into a surprising predator paradise that is thriving in ways no one could have predicted.
While Chernobyl is in Ukraine, the 1986 nuclear plant catastrophe sent clouds of radioactivity north into Belarus, contaminating the mosaic of abandoned farmland, meadows, and tree plantations that now make up the PSRR. As the disaster unfolded, about 22,000 people were forced to leave dozens of villages. Dams were built to prevent radioactive water from flowing to densely populated areas—as a result, marshes along the Pripyat River, drained long ago for agriculture, were reestablished. In 1988, the PSRR, covering 2,162 square kilometers (835 square miles) was created as one of Europe’s largest nature reserves. The predators started showing up soon after.
“Before the disaster, there were only a few wolves here, not a lot of available prey, and not enough places to hide,” says Valeriy Lukashevich, a biologist who worked at PSRR for several years and is one of the book’s coauthors. Wolves were considered pests, and Lukashevich says that local and regional governments even offered bounties for pups taken from their dens and killed. Other predators were less common.
“Lynx would show up sometimes but because the area was densely populated it would never stay,” adds coauthor and biologist Valeriy Yurko, who still works at PSRR. “And there were no bears around.”
The apex predators arriving in the PSRR in the wake of the Chernobyl disaster